To start first with the issue of air pollution air pollution begin understanding a little about the same air. The air pollution is will understand better if we started this topic as well. Air, is the common name given to the Earth’s atmosphere, gaseous mass of 5.7 x 10 ton. querodea to Earth and which comprises several calls layers: troposphere, stratosphere, Mesosphere ytermosfera; whose distinct characteristics correspond to variations of temperature ypresion with height, as shown in the figure. The air we breathe corresponds to the troposphere; and this is also the area that we soiled, is that this more exposed daily to pollution, but that tends to clean by itself because when the hot air mass down, and friaarriba, this shopkeeper down and another to climb, creating vertical movement of regeneration. If a temperature inversion occurs, there would be no possibility of the regenerative cycle and if Athis added an absence of horizontal movement (wind), then the pollutants are they would accumulate each time more and more, with the consequent increase of their harmful action. This is the phenomenon that occurs in the city of Los Angeles and London, giving rise to the fearsome smog. But what are the sources of the air pollution? Which are they? How will they damage health? Here, we will consider two types of pollutants: solids, liquids and those gaseous as dangerous, as the OS, CO, NO.
Solid contaminants: produced by smoke from fireplaces that carry combustion gases more different from those produced in restaurants and bakeries to those produced in more or less complicated industrial processes such as the brick factories; small foundries; large metallurgical industries, or metallurgical complexes; cement industries; oil and many other industries in which we have to burn fuel for energy or as part of the industrial process. Moreover, there are other really dangerous sources, as all non-metal industry whose main operation is grinding in which very insulting, such as asbestos and silica dust occurs. The main material particles that act as contaminants in the air are: carbon (soot), powders of metallic minerals (metals, oxides, SO4 = NO3 – and F-), non-metallic minerals (mainly silica) dust remains of insects (wings), pollen; organic fractions (plastic dust and the terrible carcinogenic, benzo-Alpha-pyrene). These particles possess variety of size, shape and chemical composition, ranging from tiny spherical metal particles (metallurgical fumes) to large porous conglomerates (soot) being irregular, flat, cylindrical, pointed, fibrous particles, etc. Size is the property most significant of this type of pollution, that determine the dynamic behaviour of the particle in the air as well as the possibility of income to the Agency, usually to the lungs, and consequent damage.